The sycamore-fig shade tree that grows in the desert produces a very hard wood, is strong, resistant to water, and almost free from knots. Hugh Nibley has suggested that Lehi had been closely associated with Egypt as a merchant and thus had traveled between the two countries. [11] B. H. Roberts, New Witnesses for God, (Salt Lake City: Deseret News Press, 1951), 3:501–3. Lehi City General Plan Land Use The Lehi City General Plan Land Use Map is a long range planning map that shows the City’s anticipated future land uses. It was revealed to Lehi where he was to go, and so it is not possible or necessary to establish the exact route. Nibley reminds us that Manasseh was the tribe living in the most remote part of the desert. On the probable trail which Lehi traveled there are today 118 waterholes, spaced (on the average) eighteen miles apart. [26] Most LDS scholars are of the opinion that current studies of Arabic geography and history are in complete harmony with Lehi’s story. From all observations, camels seem to be the mode of travel. At Najran it again turned south into the Yemen. Latter-day Saint visitors to Jerusalem, who are inspired by these surroundings as they relate to the life of Christ, should also remind themselves that this is where the prophet Lehi lived. It was revealed to Lehi where he was to go, and so it is not possible or necessary to establish the exact route. Albright notes concerning the general area where we know Lehi had traveled that it is a land of “disoriented groups and of individual fugitives, where organized semi-nomadic Arab tribes alternate with . It was a false report that was then promulgated time and again by faulty research, claiming that Joseph was its author. Again the mission was successful and the family of Ishmael, including his sons and their wives and children, plus Ishmael’s single daughters, left Jerusalem and joined the family of Lehi in the wilderness. These particular trees, with especially hard wood, were an absolute necessity for bow-making purposes. He may have sailed south of Cuba to get there because of ocean currents and wind, but it’s interesting that Mulek, Lehi and Columbus converge on the same areas.” [Below are … This number increased during this eight-year wilderness journey as two sons, Jacob and Joseph, were born to Sariah and Lehi (1 Nephi 18:7), and other families also bore children (1 Nephi 17:1, 20). [26] Hilton and Hilton, In Search of Lehi's Trail, 116. Black lines or No traffic flow lines could indicate a closed road, but in most cases it means that either there is not enough vehicle flow … Most of the people favored the Egyptian influence. [24] Hilton and Hilton, In Search of Lehi's Trail, 95. The indorsement [sic] is dated April, the 11th, 1864. During the voyage they experienced contrary winds and currents that slowed their progress significantly from reaching their destination, which was only made possible by the ships ability to ‘tack’ against the winds. This account has been shown to have been written in the handwriting of Frederick G. Williams in the margins of the Bernhisel Manuscript. Maybe Lehi sailed down and around the tip of Africa and crossed the Atlantic landing somewhere on the east coast. I will examine ev… Nephi found wood to build a new bow (1 Nephi 16:23). On the journey between South Africa and the straights of Gibraltar the ship came within a few hundred miles from making landfall in North America! I proposed that Lehi sailed west, down the coast of Africa, and across the Atlantic to North America. How disappointing that they were misguided by information from Mesoamerican theorists when, had they used the research from the Heartland Model geography, they would have found ample evidence and now even direct validation, that such a voyage was not only possible, but probable. [1] Hugh W. Nibley, Lehi in the Desert and the World of the Jaredites (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1952), 8, 12–13, 36–38. It did merge, however, into a paradise by the sea which they named Bountiful. Provo, UT 84602 Lehi’s family harvested fruits and honey just prior to embarking on their epic journey. Rows of graves found in Al Kunfidah sustain the possibility that it was an ancient burial ground. United States of America › Utah › Lehi. Most Book of Mormon scholars who study Mesoamerica agree that Lehi's Land of First Inheritance is near Izapa, Mexico - and they also believe that is where Lehi's party landed. [2] Although Lehi wrote Egyptian as well as Hebrew, the language of the Book of Mormon was Reformed Egyptian, a combination of Hebrew and Egyptian that was known only to the Nephites; see 1 Nephi 1:2; Mosiah 1:4; Mormon 9:32–33. [21] Hilton and Hilton, In Search of Lehi's Trail, 81–83. But what was the connection between the two: Jerusalem and Lehi’s land of inheritance? Lehi’s “compass” indicated the directions in which Lehi should go; the mariner’s compass only tells the traveler which way is magnetic north. One might consider this a strange custom, but to the people of that day there was “nothing more sacred than the oath among the nomads.” [9] Such action supports the Book of Mormon as an ancient Israel document. Because of the length of time involved in this exodus—eight years to make the journey from the valley of Lemuel in addition to the years required for building the ship—the number in Lehi’s extended family could have enlarged to as many as forty or fifty people. The Lord also counseled Lehi to have his sons return to Jerusalem a second time to bring the family of Ishmael, who was of the tribe of Ephraim, to join them on their journey. According to Erastus Snow, Joseph Smith said that Ishmael’s “sons [had] married into Lehi’s family.” [10] This combination of families would increase the number who continued the journey to approximately twenty to thirty people, depending on the number of children among them. Hilton reports that today in Salalah a person finds many fruits growing—citrons, limes, oranges, dates, bananas, grapes, apricots, coconuts, figs, and melons. [16]. [7] Hilton and Hilton, In Search of Lehi's Trail, 27. The idea for what is now known as the Phoenicia Ship Expedition, began when several non-Mormon explorers learned of portions of ancient Phoenician ships that had been recovered from the mud of the Mediterranean sea and determined to see if they could confirm the writing of Herodotus in 500 BC who claimed that the Phoenicians (who he also called Israelites) were making circumnavigations of Africa since 600 BC (Lehi’s era). The ruins are still called by his name. It seems that the keynote of life in Arabia is and was hardship. The following is also from with L. Swayne Samuelson’s article, entitled Lehi in the Pacific, Powerful New Evidence for the Book of Mormon, but is about “the Route of Mulekites,” not the Nephites. He went into the wilderness and left behind great treasures of gold, silver, and other precious items, carrying with him only the necessities for traveling and existing in the wilderness (1 Nephi 2:4). It was also providential at this point that this area contained many animals suited for food. Lehi’s journey, besides being difficult because of the terrain, also became troublesome because of the constant rebellion of Laman and Lemuel and some of Ishmael’s children. An average encampment was calculated to be about twelve days long, but some crop-growing ones were perhaps as long as six months. The weather and geography of Arabia have changed little, if any, since Lehi’s day. Other fruits which are grown in the Middle East and could have been used include dates, coconuts, and pomegranates. Contrary to Aston’s assumptions, the Book of Mormon provides some critically important clues about when they embarked on their journey. Never before has this level of evidence been available to demonstrate by actual experiment the route most likely to have been taken by Lehi’s family to the Promised Land. That this claim, thought to be made by Joseph Smith, has been shown through historical documentation to have been falsely attributed, is further evidence for the need of solid historical documentation for all claims regarding the mind of the prophet. We are therefore left to surmise several related things based upon consideration of other evidences. Map Summary. [8]. You can toggle between map views using the buttons above. It was approximately eight years from the time the Lehi colony left the Valley of Lemuel until they reached a place they called Bountiful. In fact, the History Channel documentary called Who Really Discovered America actually dismissed the Book of Mormon because of the satellite buoy “drifters” that follow ocean currents, beaming data to scientists who study their movements. [12] George Reynolds and Janne M. Sjodahl, The Story of the Book of Mormon (Salt Lake City: Deseret News Press, 1955), 10–11. Lehi’s Voyage Demonstrated: Phoenicia Expedition! After repairs were made and the ship resupplied, they left South Africa March 22, 2010 headed north along the west coastline of Africa. Paul R. Cheesman was professor emeritus of ancient scripture at Brigham Young University when this was published. Drive up and ATM banking services are also available at the Lehi branch. These routes were in common use at least 900 years before Lehi’s … The second route roughly paralleled the first a hundred or more miles inland, intersecting the coastal route at Najran. Camels can take two 150- to 180-pound packs on their backs, and Lehi brought his tents, provisions, and seed with him to plant and harvest en route and to use in his promised land. But the one relating to Lehi’s travels was never published in the life-time of the Prophet, and was published nowhere else until published in the Richards-Little’s Compendium.". The ships captain has been desperately trying to sail north and east toward the Mediterranian from their position just east of Puerto Rico, but the prevailing winds in the Atlantic continued to blow the ship within miles of America! Jiddah is also a shipbuilding city and perhaps Nephi could have observed craftsmen in this area which would have benefited him later. At Najran, it again turned south into the Yemen. A vessel can make it with dead people.” With that, the entire premise of the Book of Mormon was dismissed. “In a compendium of doctrinal subjects published by the late Elders Franklin D. Richards and James A. Even Nephi’s brethren remarked on the workmanship as being unusually good (1 Nephi 18:4). (Images and a transcription of this newspaper article are available in BYU’s archive of 19th-century publications about the Book of Mormon.) Tucked away in the old downtown part of Lehi is a gem of a little museum. Of course, some Mesoamerican theorists consider the possibility that Lehi landed on the Belizean coast or on the Yucatan. While there is still much to learn about the people and stories in the Book of Mormon, some of the best archaeological evidence to support the Book of Mormon comes from Lehi’s journey to the promised land. We can only assume that their route was eastward from Arabia to the western shore of the Americas. Lehi probably spoke and wrote Egyptian, which he taught his sons. Both left their cities shortly before they were invaded, both left temples behind, and built new ones after arriving at their destination, both traveled along an established route and then changed direction part of the way through, both established a base camp early in the journey, both had From the Azores they sailed north in order to catch the southeasterly currents that eventually took them south to the straits of Gibraltar and finally across the Mediterranean Sea to their destination. Lehi in the Wilderness: 81 New Documented Evidences That the Book of Mormon Is a True History Editor's Note: The reader should be aware that evidences from Izapa cited in this article This would mean that their travels may have been seasonal. How did they travel through this difficult terrain and environment? I find this particularly interesting because it has been a common thought that Lehi and his family landed somewhere on the west coast of South or Central America. Strikingly, altars dating from the time of Lehi have been found with the inscription "NHM." Paul R. Cheesman, “Lehi’s Journeys,” in First Nephi, The Doctrinal Foundation, ed. Brigham Young University When these young men were asked to return to Jerusalem to obtain the brass plates, the idea of records being kept on metal plates certainly was not new or strange to any of them. After traveling in this area, the Hiltons conclude that the valley of Lemuel is most probably the place now known as Al Beda in the Wadi El Afal, in Saudi Arabia. The exact route is not known. [28]. How to use the Lehi Traffic Map Traffic flow lines: Red lines = Heavy traffic flow, Yellow/Orange lines = Medium flow and Green = normal traffic. Even another harvest season could have elapsed in this area. To the Arabs, the valleys, not the mountains, are the source of their strength and permanence. the preferred exit route from Jerusalem not only for those Israelites who fled when Nebuchadnezzar captured Jerusalem in 587 bc18 but also for King Zedekiah and his family.19 It would seem that if Lehi took the same route taken by most others who escaped from Jerusalem shortly after Lehi’s depar- Foundational Zion Standards Training Modules. Noel B Reynolds (Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Religious Studies Center, 1982), 143–56. Lehi’s wealth seemed to reflect the possibility of his being a trader, acquiring all manner of “precious things” (1 Nephi 2:4, 11). It not only gave directions to the travelers, but writing also appeared on the ball (1 Nephi 16:26). The result is that we have only a sketchy account of Lehi’s travels given us in the Book of Mormon. “I think Lehi landed in Florida for all the reasons I’ve explained in Moroni’s America. The Lord gave directions through “a ball of curious workmanship” (1 Nephi 16:10), which Nephi refers to as a compass (1 Nephi 18:12). Jerusalem is perhaps the most archaeologically scrutinized city in the entire world, as it is important to three major world religions and is the epicenter of many events in the Bible. Even less is known about their history or their journey to America. The prevailing winds along the southern Saudi Arabian peninsula alternate from blowing northeasterly in the spring and summer, to southwesterly in the fall and winter months. I don't know why it is so set in cement that Lehi, Mulekites, and Jaredites had to have traveled to Mesoamerica by way of the Pacific. Lehi's route Some time ago, a well-known CES employee told me that Lehi couldn't have crossed the Atlantic because it was such a long route around Africa. [21]. The road map above shows you the route to take to your destination. Those of M2C think Lehi landed somewhere on the west coast of South America and the HM think they landed near Florida. Get directions, maps, and traffic for Lehi, AZ. He and his wife, Sariah, had four sons and some daughters. The ship, deemed the ‘Jewel of Muscat’ after the port city where it was constructed, completed its journey across the Bay of Bengal arriving in Singapore, Southeast Asia, July 3rd, 2010. With more than 31 Lehi trails covering 261 miles, you’re bound to find a perfect trail like the Poison Creek Trail or East 224 Connector Trail. Most researchers believe that the trail Lehi took was near or on the passage most commonly taken … For a treatise of evidence that ancient records were kept on metal plates, see Paul R. Cheesman, Ancient Writing on Metal Plates (Bountiful, Utah: Horizon Publishers, 1985), 85. This is something the earlier design of the 600 B.C. Lehi’s story begins in Jerusalem, he having dwelt there “all his days” (1 Nephi 1:4). The "Heartland" Model or "Heartland Theory" of Book of Mormon geography states that the Book of Mormon events primarily occurred in the heartland of North America. The assumption that Lehi’s family crossed 10,000 miles of the open waters of the Pacific Ocean to land on the west coast of South America is one that must now be re-examined or discarded. Some have claimed, incorrectly, that there is a scriptural requirement for a west coast landing. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Little is mentioned in the Book of Mormon concerning the route of travel of Lehi and his family from Jerusalem to the shore of the ocean where Nephi built the ship to cross the ocean. We are of the opinion that Lehi’s property lay somewhere in the land of Jerusalem and not within the walls of the city. We also read of a “land of his inheritance” (1 Nephi 2:4), which, along with his house and his riches, Lehi left behind when he took his family into the wilderness. Lehi was of the tribe of Manasseh (Alma 10:3) and was obviously a man of considerable wealth. This route, however, ran eastward from Najran to Salalah. The words 'Lehi’s Travels,' and the words 'Revelation to Joseph the Seer,' are added by the publishers, justified as they supposed, doubtless, by the fact that the paragraph is in the handwriting of Frederick G. Williams, Counselor to the prophet, and on the same page with the body of an undoubted revelation, which was published repeatedly as such in the life time of the Prophet, first in 1833, at Independence, Missouri, in the 'Book of Commandments,' and subsequently in every edition of the Doctrine and Covenants until now. The revelation pertaining to John has this introductory line: 'A Revelation Concerning John, the Beloved Disciple.' [9] A. Janssen, “Judgements,” Revue Biblique XII (1903), 259 CF Surv. Major R. E. Cheesman, an experienced traveler in that area in the 1920s, has estimated that the average caravan could travel thirty miles a day. This is modern Salalah. Monte S. Nyman and Charles D. Tate Jr. (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1988), 241–50. The ship was being continually blown northwest, carried by the ocean currents and surface winds that circulate counter clockwise in the southern Atlantic, often making nearly 100 miles a day! That Lehi lived in Jerusalem did not necessarily mean that he dwelt in the city of Jerusalem. That is only four months short of two years. The Lord himself instructed Nephi on the details of building the ship that carried the Lehi colony to the promised land. They did make two stops on this leg at St. Helena Island and Ascension Island, which may have been stops for Lehi’s group as well, since they were being led by the Lord through the Liahona. The Book of Mormon indicates that after the group left the valley of Lemuel, they traveled for the space of four days in a “south-southeast direction” (1 Nephi 16:13). Now, however, as a result of linguistic, sociological and archaeological research, we are able to offer preliminary indications to answer that question, a ground-breaking work to follow upon the classic study Lehi In The Desert by Dr. Hugh Nibley. The natural Indian Ocean currents move in a counterclockwise rotation southward along the east African coast as well, making it the most logical direction for travel in a sailing ship. All three routes converge south of the Dead Sea and lead to Aqaba. This will be a good test … Show more. Maps. [7], It was in the valley of Lemuel that Lehi had a dream commanding him to send his sons back to Jerusalem to obtain the brass plates. Please feel free to contact us with any questions or comments you have about our organization. By this time they were about the same latitude as Florida and they began to gain the northeasterly currents that then swooped them back east toward the Azores in the mid-Atlantic. From the outside it looks like a small town museum, but once you walk in you are greeted by the most amazing knowledgeable staff who turns what you might think was going to be just ordinary into extraordinary. Comment: Using the same methodology that showed us Lehi's path across the Pacific, we can also trace Mulek's route! The expedition embarked on this ocean-going journey in a re-created wooden sailing ship patterned after the remains of ancient Phoenician vessels that were plying the oceans around Lehi’s time, near 600 B.C. Palest., 327, as quoted in Nibley, Lehi in the Desert, 118. Many of these chapters, however, deal with Nephi’s visions (1 Nephi 11–15) and his comments on the records he is keeping (1 Nephi 6, 9). It must have been a unique structure, since we are told that it was not built after the manner of men (1 Nephi 18:1–2).
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